DIN 33403 T.2-1984 工作场地和环境的气候；气候对人员热平衡的影响
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【英文标准名称】:Climateattheworkplaceandinitsenvironments;effectoftheclimateontheheatbalanceofhumanbeings
【原文标准名称】:工作场地和环境的气候；气候对人员热平衡的影响
【标准号】:DIN33403T.2-1984
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:
【发布日期】:
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:工作场地和环境的气候；气候对人员热平衡的影响
【标准号】:DIN33403T.2-1984
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:
【发布日期】:
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:
【正文语种】:
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforConductingFrictionTestsofPistonRingandCylinderLinerMaterialsUnderLubricatedConditions
【原文标准名称】:在润滑条件下进行活塞环和缸衬材料摩擦试验的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMG181-2004(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:G02.50
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cylinderliner;dieseloil;friction;liquidlubricant;pistonring;Cylinderlinermaterials;Frictiontests;Lubricatedmaterials/testing;Pistonrings
【摘要】:Theefficiencyandfueleconomyofsparkignitionanddieselenginesisaffectedinparttothefrictionbetweenmovingparts.Althoughnoreliable,insitufrictionmeasurementsexistforfiredinternalcombustionengines,ithasbeenestimatedthatatleasthalfofthefrictionlossesinsuchenginesareduetothoseattheringandlinerinterface.Thispracticeinvolvestheuseofareciprocatingslidingarrangementtosimulatethetypeofoscillatingcontactthatoccursbetweenapistonringanditsmatingcylinderboresurfacenearthetop-dead-centerpositioninthecylinderwheremostseveresurfacecontactconditionsoccur.Therearemanytypesofenginesandengineoperatingenvironments;therefore,toallowtheusertheflexibilitytotailorthistesttoconditionsrepresentativeofvariousengines,apracticeisconsideredmoreappropriatethanastandardtestmethodinwhichspecifictestparametersareprescribed.Variablesthatcanbeadjustedinthisprocedureinclude:normalforce,speedofoscillation,strokelength,durationoftesting,temperatureoftesting,methodofspecimensurfacepreparation,andthematerialsandlubricantstobeevaluated.Guidanceisprovidedhereontheset-upofthetest,themannerofspecimenfixturingandalignment,theselectionofalubricanttosimulateconditionedoilcharacteristics(foradieselengine),andthemeanstorun-intheringspecimenstominimizevariabilityintestresults.Engineoilspendsthemajorityofitsoperatinglifetimeinastatethatisrepresentativeofuse-conditionedoil.Thatis,freshoilischangedbyexposuretotheheat,chemicalenvironment,andconfinementinlubricatedcontact.Itages,changingviscosity,atomicweight,solidscontent,acidity,andchemistry.Conductingpistonringandcylinderlinermaterialevaluationsinfresh,non-conditionedoilisthereforeunrealisticformaterialscreening.Butadditive-depleted,usedoilcanresultinhighwearandcorrosiveattackofengineparts.Thecurrenttestisintendedforusewithlubricantsthatsimulatetribologicalbehaviorafterin-serviceoilconditioning,butprecedingthepointofsevereenginedamage.1.1Thispracticecoversproceduresforconductinglaboratorybench-scalefrictiontestsofmaterials,coatings,andsurfacetreatmentsintendedforuseinpistonringsandcylinderlinersindieselorspark-ignitionengines.Thegoalofthisprocedureistoprovideameansforpreliminary,cost-effectivescreeningorevaluationofcandidateringandlinermaterials.Areciprocatingslidingarrangementisusedtosimulatethecontactthatoccursbetweenapistonringanditsmatinglinernearthetop-dead-centerpositioninthecylinderwhereliquidlubricationisleasteffective,andmostwearisknowntooccur.Specialattentionispaidtospecimenalignment,running-in,andlubricantcondition.1.2Thispracticedoesnotpurporttosimulateallaspectsofafiredenginex2019;soperatingenvironment,butisintendedtoserveasameansforpreliminaryscreeningforassessingthefrictionalcharacteristicsofcandidatepistonringandlinermaterialcombinationsinthepresenceoffluidsthatbehaveasuse-conditionedengineoils.Therefore,itisbeyondthescopeofthispracticetodescribehowonemightestablishcorrelationsbetweenthedescribedtestresultsandthefrictionalcharacteristicsofringsandcylinderborematerialsforspecificenginedesignsoroperatingconditions.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapp......
【中国标准分类号】:J92
【国际标准分类号】:27_020
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:JointsforConcretePipe,ManholesandPrecastBoxSectionsUsingPreformedFlexibleJointSealants
【原文标准名称】:使用预制接缝密封胶粘结的混凝土管道、检查孔和预制箱型型件
【标准号】:ASTMC990-1996
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:混凝土结构;密封材料;预浇铸混凝土部件
【英文主题词】:concretestructures;sealingmaterials;precastconcreteparts
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Q14
【国际标准分类号】:91_100_50;91_080_40;91_100_30
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:在润滑条件下进行活塞环和缸衬材料摩擦试验的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMG181-2004(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:G02.50
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cylinderliner;dieseloil;friction;liquidlubricant;pistonring;Cylinderlinermaterials;Frictiontests;Lubricatedmaterials/testing;Pistonrings
【摘要】:Theefficiencyandfueleconomyofsparkignitionanddieselenginesisaffectedinparttothefrictionbetweenmovingparts.Althoughnoreliable,insitufrictionmeasurementsexistforfiredinternalcombustionengines,ithasbeenestimatedthatatleasthalfofthefrictionlossesinsuchenginesareduetothoseattheringandlinerinterface.Thispracticeinvolvestheuseofareciprocatingslidingarrangementtosimulatethetypeofoscillatingcontactthatoccursbetweenapistonringanditsmatingcylinderboresurfacenearthetop-dead-centerpositioninthecylinderwheremostseveresurfacecontactconditionsoccur.Therearemanytypesofenginesandengineoperatingenvironments;therefore,toallowtheusertheflexibilitytotailorthistesttoconditionsrepresentativeofvariousengines,apracticeisconsideredmoreappropriatethanastandardtestmethodinwhichspecifictestparametersareprescribed.Variablesthatcanbeadjustedinthisprocedureinclude:normalforce,speedofoscillation,strokelength,durationoftesting,temperatureoftesting,methodofspecimensurfacepreparation,andthematerialsandlubricantstobeevaluated.Guidanceisprovidedhereontheset-upofthetest,themannerofspecimenfixturingandalignment,theselectionofalubricanttosimulateconditionedoilcharacteristics(foradieselengine),andthemeanstorun-intheringspecimenstominimizevariabilityintestresults.Engineoilspendsthemajorityofitsoperatinglifetimeinastatethatisrepresentativeofuse-conditionedoil.Thatis,freshoilischangedbyexposuretotheheat,chemicalenvironment,andconfinementinlubricatedcontact.Itages,changingviscosity,atomicweight,solidscontent,acidity,andchemistry.Conductingpistonringandcylinderlinermaterialevaluationsinfresh,non-conditionedoilisthereforeunrealisticformaterialscreening.Butadditive-depleted,usedoilcanresultinhighwearandcorrosiveattackofengineparts.Thecurrenttestisintendedforusewithlubricantsthatsimulatetribologicalbehaviorafterin-serviceoilconditioning,butprecedingthepointofsevereenginedamage.1.1Thispracticecoversproceduresforconductinglaboratorybench-scalefrictiontestsofmaterials,coatings,andsurfacetreatmentsintendedforuseinpistonringsandcylinderlinersindieselorspark-ignitionengines.Thegoalofthisprocedureistoprovideameansforpreliminary,cost-effectivescreeningorevaluationofcandidateringandlinermaterials.Areciprocatingslidingarrangementisusedtosimulatethecontactthatoccursbetweenapistonringanditsmatinglinernearthetop-dead-centerpositioninthecylinderwhereliquidlubricationisleasteffective,andmostwearisknowntooccur.Specialattentionispaidtospecimenalignment,running-in,andlubricantcondition.1.2Thispracticedoesnotpurporttosimulateallaspectsofafiredenginex2019;soperatingenvironment,butisintendedtoserveasameansforpreliminaryscreeningforassessingthefrictionalcharacteristicsofcandidatepistonringandlinermaterialcombinationsinthepresenceoffluidsthatbehaveasuse-conditionedengineoils.Therefore,itisbeyondthescopeofthispracticetodescribehowonemightestablishcorrelationsbetweenthedescribedtestresultsandthefrictionalcharacteristicsofringsandcylinderborematerialsforspecificenginedesignsoroperatingconditions.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapp......
【中国标准分类号】:J92
【国际标准分类号】:27_020
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:JointsforConcretePipe,ManholesandPrecastBoxSectionsUsingPreformedFlexibleJointSealants
【原文标准名称】:使用预制接缝密封胶粘结的混凝土管道、检查孔和预制箱型型件
【标准号】:ASTMC990-1996
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:混凝土结构;密封材料;预浇铸混凝土部件
【英文主题词】:concretestructures;sealingmaterials;precastconcreteparts
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Q14
【国际标准分类号】:91_100_50;91_080_40;91_100_30
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
